Some diseases of vegetable bedding plants include damping-off, Botrytis blight, powdery mildew, tospoviruses and bacterial leaf spot. The first step to manage these diseases is proper identification. Cultural mistakes caused by high soluble salts or nutrient imbalances often mimic disease symptoms. The use of resistant cultivars, sanitation, sound cultural practices and the proper use of fungicides are all needed to manage diseases of vegetable bedding plants.
Seed treatments
In post-emergence damping off, newly emerged seedlings topple over and wilt. There may be a water-soaked dark, sunken lesion at the soil line. Damping off usually spreads radically from a central point of origin so plants often die in a circular pattern in seed flats. Vegetable seeds that are germinated in a poorly drained, cool medium are especially susceptible. Cabbage, cauliflower, tomato and pepper seedlings may be girdled by brown or black sunken cankers. Stems of these plants may shrivel and become dark and woody (wire stem or collar rot). The plants may not collapse, but remain stunted and die after transplanting.
Use new flats and pots and disinfect all used flats, pots and tools. Do not pack young plants into containers, use pre-dibbled holes for transplants. Germinate seed under conditions that will ensure rapid emergence and vigor by providing bottom heat. Avoid over watering, excessive fertilizer, overcrowding and planting too deeply. Promptly rogue out infected plants from flats. If needed, apply appropriate fungicides. BOTRYTIS BLIGHT
Reduce humidity and leaf wetness duration to prevent spore germination. Provide good air circulation and reduce humidity within the plant canopy. Water in the morning, never late in the day to allow water to evaporate from plant surfaces. Avoid growing ornamental hanging baskets above vegetable bedding plants. Spent flowers dropping on plants are often a source of Botrytis infection. POWDERY MILDEW The powdery mildew that affects certain cultivars of ornamental verbena can also infect cucurbit seedlings including squash, cucumbers and pumpkins. It is possible that this powdery mildew could affect the cucurbit transplants that may not have otherwise become infected until the fruit was beginning to form in the field.
Tospoviruses are not seed borne. They may be introduced into a greenhouse on vegetatively-propagated ornamental plants or seedlings that have been exposed to the virus or on virus-infected thrips. Once thrips in the greenhouse become infected, they can transmit the virus to susceptible crops and weeds.
On tomatoes, bronzing may appear on young leaves. Infected tomato transplants in the garden may be stunted.
Growers attempting to produce all their warm temperature crops in a single house run the risk of mixing tospovirus-free vegetable seed crops with infected plants. If possible, vegetable bedding plants should always be grown in separate greenhouses from ornamentals.
Buy certified seed from a reputable source. Use hot water-treated seed. Ideally, the seed should be custom-treated by the seed company. There is a risk that germination percentages will be reduced if the seed crop is grown under stressful environmental conditions. Promptly remove infected plants and adjacent plants to prevent further infection and avoid unnecessary handling of plant material. Avoid overhead irrigation, splashing or periods of extended leaf wetness. Disinfect all benches, equipment and flats. Leanne Pundt is extension educator, University of Connecticut, (860) 626-6240; leanne.pundt@uconn.edu For more: Pest Management for Vegetable Bedding Plants. Pundt, L. and T. Smith. 2007. NESARE. See Table 2: Selected fungicides, bactericides and biological fungicides labeled for vegetable bedding plants. Available online at www.hort.uconn.edu/ipm or www.nevegetable.org
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